Philip Spiess
To recap on my remarks on my fraternity, Phi Gamma Delta (better known as "Fiji"; founded at what became Washington and Jefferson College, originally located at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania) at Hanover College, Indiana:
Yes, we had Jewish brothers in our fraternity; no, we did not have African-American brothers in our fraternity (at that time). When I joined, in the Spring of 1965, one of my two favorite upperclassmen brothers was Arnie Wasserman, proud Jewish boy from Warwick, Rhode Island. He kept a tank of piranhas in his room in the fraternity house and would occasionally let me feed them raw hamburger (talk about a feeding frenzy!).
The question of admitting African-Americans to brotherhood in the fraternity was a matter of deep debate within the national fraternity in the mid-1960s. One line of argument was: "Blacks now have their own exclusively black fraternities on many college campuses, so why do they need us?" (The obverse of this coin of wisdom was, of course, "So why do we need them?") While I was president of my chapter, I attended the national convention, or "Ekklesia," of Phi Gamma Delta in Denver (1966); the question of admitting black members was one of the major issues that was brought up for a national vote that year. Heavily debated, it was closely defeated, but at the next Ekklesia (1968) a similar motion passed, and African-Americans have been members of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity ever since.
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