Philip Spiess
[I retired from the Forum for nearly nine months because it seemed that no one was any longer interested in my historical vignettes, but, given Gail's tribute above, I am posting the following:]
The 100th-Year Anniversary of:
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Arlington National Cemetery:
Dedicated to deceased American military service members whose remains have not been identified, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier(s) in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D. C., was approved by the United States Congress on March 4, 1921. It was (is) located on the eastern plaza of the (then new) Memorial Amphitheater, the open-air circular amphitheater used primarily on May 30 (Memorial Day, formerly Decoration Day, when graves of Civil War veterans were decorated with flowers and flags) and November 11 (Veterans Day, formerly Armistice Day, the date which brought to a close the hostilities of World War I) for speeches and commemorations by the President of the United States and associated military officials.
The body of the first "unknown soldier" (from World War I), brought back from France, was interred on November 11 (note the date), 1921. A stone slab (not marble) covered the opening. However, it was not until April 9, 1932, that the Tomb, with its sculpted marble monument as we see it today, was completed. The great Yule marble block of the monument, quarryed in Colorado, was fabricated in Proctor, Vermont, at the Vermont Marble Company [the major U. S. marble company, no longer in business, but a site which can still be visited for its museum]. The architect of the monument was Lorimer Rich and the sculptor Thomas Hudson Jones; the actual carving of the marble was done by the Piccirilli Brothers of Washington (who also did the majpr carving work, at about the same time, on the Lincoln Memorial). The monument sits at the head of the grave of the World War I Unknown.
Much later, additional Unknowns from later wars were added. West and south of the original grave is the crypt of the Unknown from World War II (1958), and west and north of the original grave is the crypt of the Unknown from the Korean War (1958). In between these is the crypt that once contained the Unknown from the Vietnam War (1984), but his remains were later identified (1998; 1st Lieutenant Michael Joseph Blassie, Air Force) and removed (1998) to be buried elsewhere (St. Louis, Missouri). These three graves are marked with white marble slabs flush with the plaza; the one in the center, originally inscriped "Vietnam," has been changed to "Honoring and Keeping Faith with America's Missing Servicemen" (the crypt remains vacant).
A civilian guard was first posted at the Tomb on November 17, 1925, to keep famlies from picnicking on the flat marble slab. The military guard was first posted there on March 25, 1926, with the first 24-hour guard being posted on July 2, 1937; from then until now, it has been guarded continuously 24 hour a day, 7 days a week -- until November 9-10, 2021, when the guard was lifted, on the Tomb's centennial, for average families to approach the Tomb and leave flowers, wreaths, or other tributes to the immortal dead. [N.B.: A good number of years ago now, when I was visiting the Tomb, a small child, escaping from its parents, crossed the chained boundary onto the mat on which the guard marches to patrol the Tomb; the soldier immediately lowered his rifle, with its bayonet, and pointed the bayonet's point about 6 inches from the child and said, rather tersely, "Get that child out of there now!" -- which the parents, needless to say, immediately did!]
[N.B.: The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the Revolutionary War (identified 1826) is located in the burial ground of the Old Presbyterian Meeting House in Alexandria, Virginia; there is also a national war memorial to that effect in Washington Square, Philadelphia (1957), part of Independence National Historical Park. The Civil War Unknowns Monument is an above-ground burial vault located in Arlington National Cemetery, just south of Arlington House, Robert E. Lee's former family home. Great Britain's Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, a memorial to the dead of World War I (as is The Cenotaph in London's Whitehall), is located at the west end of the nave of Westminster Abbey, while Canada's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is in front of the National War Memorial in Confederation Square, Ottawa.]
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