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08/03/19 03:33 PM #4210    

 

Bruce Fette

Paul,

A huge amount of the code in cell phones and laptops is either C or C++, as you studied, and yes C involves lots of brackets and semicolons, and the math being expressed is written rather obtusely.

Within the last 3 years however, artificial intelligence (AI) has been steadily gaining ground. It is feasible for OCR to be done with C or C++ or with AI, similarly to facial recognition, and to automatically driving a car. An AI approach involves millions of multiply adds. So does encoding speech to send to the base station from the cell phone. And now people have been making chips that can efficiently do billions of multiply adds, without using C or C++ software, because AI is now a huge business. Qualcom wont tell us, but it is very likely that their chips now also contain an AI engine that does not need to be programed for the simple AI tasks like OCR. It could just grab camera pixels and start in on the math. 

You may also be aware that Elon Musk's Tesla car will soon be able to do self driving. That also involves the AI approach of billions of multiply adds to recognize what the camera sees. Tesla actually published an hour long video about their AI chip that learns to recognize things and what a normal driver does when he encounters those things. So it learns to recognize things, and it learns to recognize what to do when encountering those things. 

The AI "multiply accumulate" concept is a computer approximation to a neuron which senses what hundreds of nearby neurons are doing and weights them together to decide whether to activate or to not activate. Essentially there are some nearby neurons that definitely will activate a neuron, some that may activate a neoron if enough of them are active, some that discourage a neuron from firing, and some that completely inhibit firing. The neuron can be trained what it should recognize and should not recognize by adjusting the coefficients in the multipliers.  This is the mechanism of how we learn to see objects and hear music.  It is less clear, but likely that thinking works similarly. Its just amazing what a 100 billion  neurons can learn isn't it?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


08/03/19 07:49 PM #4211    

 

Paul Simons

Thanks very much Bruce. That brings up the question of whether AI can learn wrong responses. It sounds like the chips are given a structure about HOW they learn but autonomy about WHAT they learn and so could get it wrong and develop some bad habits. Like the machine-gunning "bad robot" in the movie Robocop. Today a white supremacist murdered so far 19 people in El Paso - his neurons went wrong concerning his attitudes towards Hispanic people and what he would do based on those attitudes. I always tell people that no, computers can't take over anything because people make them and can turn them off. But given enough autonomy things could go wrong, couldn't they?


08/03/19 09:03 PM #4212    

 

Jeff Daum

Bruce, I think you are giving Tesla and AI more credit than appropriate at this stage.  I try to stay up todate on autonomous vehicles (for example: https://insight.daumphotography.com/2017/01/25/autonomous-vehicles-part-2/) and at this point Tesla, Cadilllac, BMW, Volvo, etc. semi-automonous systems have virtually all of their decision software written by programmers doing 'what if'' scenarios, such as, if an elderly couple are in the path of being hit from your left fender and a mother and young child are in the path of being hit from your right fender, what is the best evasive action- sacrifice the elderly couple or the mother and young child?  AI is not currently being used in the OEM (or related component suppliers) writing of programming being incorporated into cars.

It has been proposed that semi-autonomous cars will communicate car to car as well as to the traffic control, and presumably learn to make better decisions, but that is still quite a ways off.  Issues such as incompatibility of proprietary software across OEMs, privacy laws, etc., prevent near future solutions.

Another critical problem is that AI can not currently anticipate and compensate for cars on the road driven by drivers in 'older' cars without autonomous features.


08/03/19 10:43 PM #4213    

 

Philip Spiess

Bruce, Paul, and Jeff:

A good number of years ago now, I heard a learned computer scientist discourse on what computers could and could not do -- particularly in the realm of human intelligence.  He said that, whereas the human brain can often follow a fly in its wild zigzag course across a room, following it closely and quickly enough to kill it with a fly-swatter or a rolled-up magazine (this is, of course, not infallible, as those of us who have swatted at numerous flies know), no computer -- or the human ability to program said computer to do so -- has come anywhere close to being able to duplicate the human brain's ability to follow that fly, or predict where it will go or land next.  (Now this, as I said, was a number of years ago, so perhaps the situation has changed, but I rather doubt it.)

Bruce:  I can return your many compliments to me:  I am bedazzled by your grasp of scientific subjects, which, although I am more or less aware that they exist, are well beyond even the inklings of my understanding of how they work, much less of what they mean.

Judy:  Unfortunately, the vandalism of cemeteries is an all-too-common occurence throughout America (and I'm not even talking, say, "anti-Semitism" here; I'm talking about rank and random unthinking vandalism).  Shortly after I moved to Washington, D. C. in 1973, I went to visit the historic Congressional Cemetery on the eastern end of Capitol Hill.  A number of famous people are buried there, such as John Phillip Sousa; less, perhaps, than most visitors think, as in the cemetery's early days Congress ereccted several rows of centotaphs, designed by the famous American architect, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, to such early famous Americans as then had died (a centotaph is a memorial marker; the person designated on it is buried elsewhere).  There are quite a number of interesting statues and monuments there, from just after the Civil War to the turn of the last century, including some dogs and the statue of a little girl who had been the first victim of an automobile accident in Washington's history, and I had gone to photograph some of them.  It's a good thing I did, because several years later, when I went back to do some more photographing, vandals had ruined a large number of monuments and sculptures, including smashing the little girl's statue to smithereens.

The truth is that security in most cemeteries, whether big or little, whether well-financed (very few are) or poor, is largely non-existant, even in the daytime (or perhaps I should say "especially in the daytime").  If there is even a caretaker, what can one person do, even with a dog or two and a shotgun?  When Mr. Dahmann, our classmate Donald's father, was superintendent of Vine Street Hill Cemetery, he regularly locked all the gates at night and occasionally patrolled with a loaded shotgun, but after he died, he was not really replaced.  By the time I found the vandalism of my grandmother's monument, the cemetery was in financial straits, and the office was closed most of the time.  As an out-of-town visitor to Cincinnati on a very short visit, there was little I could do.  (Had it been Spring Grove Cemetery, it would have been a different story entirely.)  It is of some (if short-lived) satisfaction to me that I had taken photographs of the four sides of the monument several years before it was vandalized, and I have this fond vision of one day perhaps of having it re-created in, say, epoxy and replaced.  (I don't even know if the pieces of it are still there, lying on the ground -- I doubt it.)  But the discovery of my grandmother's desecrated monument was nothing "awful" compared to the "awful" discovery my grandfather Philip Spiess (he had died before I was born) made in 1925, when he found my grandmother (the one of the monument) dying of convulsive hemorrhaging while strapped into the dentist's chair, having been put under ether while the dentist went out to lunch, locking the door behind him!


08/04/19 07:54 AM #4214    

 

Jeff Daum

Philip, good example.  In fact, they had to stop allowing automous vehicle testing in Austraillia on the open roads because the algorithyms could not anticipate the movement of the kangaroos.  Apparantly kangaroos hop and jump in highly irregular patterns, unlike for example, deer.


08/04/19 10:07 AM #4215    

 

Ira Goldberg

Alright, fellow children of the 60’s, who among us attended Woodstock? I was elsewhere, getting married on in Louisville - on, I think- the second day of that other extraordinary event. Peace and love, folks!


08/04/19 01:04 PM #4216    

 

Dale Gieringer

   I'll believe in autonomous vehicles when they have one that can obey the hand signals of a cop or construction worker who is conducting traffic. 

    Ira -   I visited a friend working near Woodstock a week or two before the concert, but couldn't make the event because my car (a VW bug, which would have been perfect for the trip) was subsequently totaled by an inexperienced young driver while it was innocently parked on the street in front of my apartment in Cambridge.  

      


08/04/19 04:23 PM #4217    

 

Bruce Fette

To those of you interested in the AI topic, and particularly regarding autonomous cars:

1) Yes the training of these AI systems has generally been guided by human teaching, and as such these systems are taught what they are supposed to learn. In the speech field, the process begins with a human labeling the phonemes, and the syllables, and the words, and the sentenses, and the grammatical representations. And with a huge amount of training the speech recognition systems can get palusibly good. Then they are trained much more exhausitvely, where a human observes something has been recognized incorrectly and additional training is applied.

2) So too in the Tesla video.  Massive factory training gets massive human labeled data such that it is moderately good at some tasks. Then the system is fielded, but is not actually driving the car, it is simply observing what the human driver is doing in learning mode. Apparantly, this is going on in every Tesla car on the road at this time.  Likely, it learns mostly good behaviors. However, every accident is particularly captured to train things not to do. Apparantly, all training where some additional thing needs to be more correctly trained (recognizing that the human did something that the AI would not have chosen to do), that instance of data is then sent to the factory for additional training of the AI system. Elon and his team are getting reports from all their cars about how well the AI systems are doing compared to the humans and you may think of it as labeled training data.

Here is the link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEv99vxKjVI

The advertising ends at 1:09:26, and then launches into a full description of the AI technology, and the chips. The technical description is over 2 hours long. Some of it is worhwhile. Technologists among you will be happy to know that there is a full duplicate chip to check that each chip is working as currently programmed by the latest factory updates.

Given that this becomes deeply technical, I recommend that those of you with deeper interest in AI  communicate with me by separate email.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


08/04/19 08:31 PM #4218    

 

Philip Spiess

Ira:  I was nowhere near Woodstock, New York, in the summer of 1969 (is that the date?) -- nor would I have been by choice.  I was living it up between my first and second years at the University of Delaware (as a Hagley Fellow) at the expense of the Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation (the old du Pont family estate and black powder mills on the Brandywine River, now a museum), studying museum work.  Also, I was sent (at my request) by Hagley to attend the Midwest Museums Conference annual meeting, which, by happy coincidence, was being held in Cincinnati that year.  The opening night of the Conference was a picnic supper at the Cincinnati Zoo, which had just inaugurated its Nocturnal Animals House.  I hid in the dark corners of the Nocturnal Animals House, emerging from the shadows as people came through to view it and asking them, "Have you seen the peccadillos?"  My further adventures at this conference, from an evening of mint juleps at the Taft Museum through an exhilarating alcoholic incident on an Ohio River steamboat, I have previously detailed in a note to Laura Reid Pease in the pages of (I think) the first year of this Forum.

I only mention this at all because last summer my wife and I spent our anniversary vacation in Woodstock, Vermont, doing pleasant day trips out of that charming town and having lovely dinners -- and we had such a good time that we went back to Woodstock on our vacation this year, enjoying new day trips and dining at the same lovely restaurants.  So we did return to Woodstock -- just not the right one!


08/05/19 06:40 AM #4219    

 

Paul Simons

 

Ira - I did go to the town Woodstock NY the summer after the festival and lived there for a year or so, 1970-1971. It was still a magnet for blues-based musicians. I was lucky enough to have been in a band with far more experienced players than I was and learned some music, sometimes painfully, like when in a jam with people like Paul Butterfield's guitar player Buzz Feiten who basically and rightfully blew me off the stage, and a sax player named Terry Eaton who, like Roland Kirk, could play two horns at once and like Trane could just rip out avalanches of sound. I learned. Before that, in 1969 when the actual festival took place, I was a college boy playing around the UC campus on weekends, far simpler and far less demanding music, and working as a landscaper until I got a 1-Y draft deferment for a knee recently damaged in a motorcycle accident and then 6 months as an "activities therapist" with my brand new Psychology BA at Longview, until they fired me. "They" were an upper echelon of man-hating lesbians and they made life hell for the teenage male patients who are the ones that really suffered. Getting fired was no problem, it freed me up to leave town. But back to Woodstock - you could go into a bar any night and hear world-class music. I got to jam with Janis Joplin's band, with Mother Earth, and to sit right in front of John Hall (Orleans - "Still The One"), Elvin Bishop ("Fooled Around And Fell In Love"), David Sanborn (frequently on Letterman and SNL) and really listen to them. As far as the other elements of the triumvirate Sex, Drugs, and Rock'n'Roll - the sex and drugs - yes they were plentiful in Woodstock NY in those days and might still be. So, Ira and others, what were YOU doing in the Summer of '69? Very interesting topic!

Bruce - many thanks for the AI info and the link. I'll get to it as soon as I have a block of time. Much appreciated.

 

 


08/05/19 09:52 AM #4220    

 

Arthur (Skip) Gasch

Don't do this often, but would like to pipe in on AI.
First, intelligence implies a propensity to learn.

That begs the question is learning the same thing as being taught?
Where is the ability in AI to learn?

If AI requires a "program" to learn, then in what sense is AI learning anything
other than what it was taught to learn? Moreover, given the number of things to
learn, the "learning program" will never keep pace with the learning required, we simply
don't write code that fast. The latest Boeing MAX crashes are proof enough of
the problem. Lack of understanding of all the factors in a domain KILLS people.
Until we understand what AI really is, we will confuse large, rule-based machines
like Watson for being "smart."

Why is it taking so long to "fix" the AI in the MAX flight control system? Maybe
because it interacts with everything else and there are 2n-1 combination of factors to
be validated (or in Boeing's case - maybe not).

At the heart of learning is observation and organization, which aren't machine
speed dependent.

Observation allows us to "see" things, and organization allows us to
differentiate what we see (and catalog it) based on differences.
Learning then becomes looking (data assimilation) at enough data to
characterize the environment, and letting the data teach the machine because
the proper organization of data is a function of the data itself,
not the "learning algorithm." We're stuck in archiac thinking.
That is what AI has missed, but a few understand it -- they just aren't talking.

Those who pursue the matter correctly will be rewarded for their pursuit.
It's what Triad is all about.

Art Gasch


08/05/19 10:23 AM #4221    

 

Arthur (Skip) Gasch

Classmates interested in rockets, sputnik and Telstar should visit Camp Evans in Wall, NJ. It was the east coast original development site for Marconi's transcontinental radio telegraph network. World War II put that to a stop, as the US military seized the site, but it's back in business and open to the public on weekends. Run by folks from Princeton University, it is a very interesting site to visit. Plan to spend 4-5 hours there if you are into these things. See a few pictures below. Also see https://infoage.org/about-infoage/

You can even find some functional vacuum tubes there. Yes, they still exist. Summer is a wonderful time to visit, and there are many accommodation at the Jersey Shore, less than 10 minutes away. Take in the site and the museum and then go for a swim in the Atlantic ocean. A great vacation. For the artistic oriented in the family, drive over to the Grounds for Sculpture near Trenton. It is also a day-long adventure that was built by one of the Johnson brothers. However, if you want to eat at the lakeside restaurant, make reservations a week or so in advance. Space is limited and the seats go fast. The website has many pictures that provide a flavor of this wonderful site. https://www.groundsforsculpture.org/Exhibitions

If visiting, give me a call.

Art Gasch


08/05/19 12:19 PM #4222    

 

Judy Holtzer (Knopf)

I don't recall what I was doing the whole summer of 69. Grabbed my B.Sc. in psychology from University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, then I guess I ran home to pack, buy a one-way ticket, and say goodbye. I moved to Israel on October 8, 1969.

If I could have gone with someone I knew, I probably would have gone if I hadn't been leaving.


08/05/19 11:34 PM #4223    

 

Philip Spiess

Art (a.k.a."Skip" -- but I'll artfully skip that):

First, I am impressed by your question, "Is learning the same thing as being taught?"  It seems an almost obvious question, and yet it obviously isn't.  Having taught at one learning level or another and in one educational venue or another for almost forty years, the question gave me pause.  I'll skip my thirty years teaching graduate school (you never really know what those damned fools have learned  -- by the time they've gotten to you, they've learned to "game" the system so well that they can put on a good show, whether they really know anything or not) and go striaght on to my days of teaching Middle School -- now there's a lot who, despite their best efforts, will end up being pretty straightforward about what they think and what they've learned (or not learned).  You can teach and teach them -- but that doesn't mean that they've learned diddlysquat.  On the other hand, they may have learned any number of things that you didn't teach them, or didn't intend to teach them.  I feel pretty certain that my Middle School students (most of whom I had great respect for) learned a lot from me that wasn't in the school curriculum (but don't tell their parents!).

Second, I am impressed by your comment, "At the heart of learning is observation and organization."  Nearly every school I currently know -- Middle School, High School, College -- states that it teaches "critical thinking" (having tried to apply my own critical thinking to this term, I would really like to see what this means in action).  What I think might be meant, or should be meant, is this matter of observation and organization.  This is actually at the heart of what we should be teaching:  that one should learn to observe and to organize, and how one should observe and organize, and why one should observe and organize.  The follow-up, as you note, is assembling and assimilating enough relevant data on a given subject to be able to make some sense of the bigger picture (and perhaps connect it with other "bigger pictures").

I'm intrigued by the information you offer on Camp Evans, in Wall, New Jersey.  Because my minor subject in graduate school at the University of Delaware (through the Eleutherian Mills- Hagley Foundation, mentioned just above) was "The History of Technology," and because I was the first president of the Washington, D. C. chapter of the national Society for Industrial Archeology, I remain interested in many things technological, though I'm a historian, not a scientist.  Two years ago, while on vacation, I read A. T. Story's book, The Story of Wireless Telegraphy (1909), happily included in Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series, and which I had found in a used book store.  Certainly part of the story (though not all!) belongs to Marconi, and, yes, as I am "into these things" (and museum sites as well), I would love to visit you there.  (I cannot find Wall, New Jersey, in my atlas, but it seems to be south of Asbury Park and not too far from Allaire, with which I'm very familiar, and perhaps close to Spring Lake, where my wife and I spent a lovely overnight a number of years ago as we were touring the complete New Jersey coast.)  I have no present plans to be in that area anytime soon, but I'll keep your offer of a visit in mind.

[N.B.:  Part of the Camp Evans site looks like the Green Bank Observatory in West Virginia, which we visited several years ago.]


08/06/19 12:27 PM #4224    

 

Larry Klein

If anyone is wondering where I might have been during Woodstock in '69, here it is.  That's me, front and center, as usual, having just returned to base after about the 10th of my 32 recon patrols that year.


08/06/19 12:49 PM #4225    

 

Larry Klein

Skip and Phil - r.e. "Observation and Organization"

Most people, if you walk briskly through a 14x14 room with them and ask what they saw, will tell you they saw the exit door (and not much else). While observation CAN be taught, it is usually a skill that is learned out of some necessity.  In my case, playing baseball as a kid, running cross country in crowds of other runners, and all sorts of activities in military exercises and missions were my "necessities".  Once learned, the skill becomes habit and even today I can just about see the whole room when I walk through with no concerted effort. Organization is similar in its learning habit, but can be more readily taught by rote. I would include a third discipline in this group - anticipation.  This was particularly critical in the military, and like observation, once learned becomes almost habit.  My main activities these days are bridge and golf, and these disciplines are most evident in the more successful players of both.

In my everyday life these days, however, I find that a fourth discipline - laziness - has permeated my existence.  So much so that I had to hire a housekeeper so as not to be "left in the dust", so to speak.  I do still try to anticipate, observe, and organize those nasty maintenance chores that pop up from time to time.


08/07/19 08:42 AM #4226    

 

Ira Goldberg

Larry, I aspire to that lifestyle, but cannot hit a golf ball. Fifty years ago, I was somewhere in the Pocanos during Woodstock, safe, despite diving tanks whose regulators failed, followed by 45 years of marriage to Gwynne. 


08/08/19 07:35 AM #4227    

 

Arthur (Skip) Gasch

Hi Phil,

Wall is in the middle of the places you described, on the edge of Shark River. Allaire is a bit west of
Camp Evans. The cross route is 138, one exit past the Route 18 (N-S) exit. Camp Evans is off of Marconi Road of course.

If you would like to see the Museum, and would want to make a trip here, you could fly into
Newark Airport and then stay with us. We live in the north part of Toms River, about 12 miles from
Camp Evans. We have an extra bedroom for just such opportunities, and it makes the trip a bit
less expensive when you have friends to stay with.

While you are here, you should also visit Grounds for Sculpture. It is over 40 acres of sculpture that
was developed by one of the J&J boys, who didn't fit into the business. It's a really interesting place
and will take 3-5 hours to go through. There is a restaurant there, but you need to make reservations
a week or so in advance to be assured of an inside seat. Many weddings are done at various places
around the Grounds. It is located near Trenton, NJ, about 35-40 minutes from our home.

Weekends are a good time for both places. A trip where you arrive on Friday, do both attractions
and then return on Monday or Tuesday would make a nice extended holiday. Once the kids go back
to school, the pace slows a bit.

Of course you can also take in a play in NYC. There is a train to goes to Penn Station about 5 miles from here, right along the Shore. A bit farther north, you can get the Sea Streak Ferry, which is a passenger only, thin hull catamaran that makes the trip into NYC (34th street) in about 45 minutes, less than half the time
the train takes. The trouble is, once you get into NYC, there is so much to day that you can get lost
for 2-3 more days at shows and museums. Of course, lodging in the city makes the trip much more expensive so that may not be that appealing. You can get matinee tickets in advance for a substantial discount, and if you are willing to take a chance, you can get tickets the day of the performance for almost nothing. We caught the Carol King (Beautiful) musical about 5 weeks ago and it was great. Reminded me of my old stage crew days at Walnut Hills.

In fact, if you wanted to spend a week in the Garden State area, you could spend 2-3 days here in NJ and
then get a hotel in NYC and spend another 3-4 days there, and fly into and out of Newark, or into
Newark and out of LaGuardia. Let us know so we aren't off doing something ourselves. If you want to drive up 95 from Virginia, its about 5 hours depending on how you hit the beltway around DC and Baltimore. That would give you a car here, and a bit more flexibility.

In any case, this area is a nice place to visit. If you come soon, the pool may be open still. It closes in September. Have family arriving on the 23rd and leaving on the 27th, but before or after works. If your journeys bring you north, let us know and we'll keep the lights on for you.

Blessing on your family,

Art


08/09/19 02:26 AM #4228    

 

Philip Spiess

Art:

Although we have no present plans to visit the area, we will definitely keep your information in mind (possibly a mid-Fall weekend trip?).  Because my sister and brother-in-law were living in Barnegat, New Jersey (circa 1968-1970) when I was a student at the University of Delaware (my brother-in-law was the Presbyterian minister in Barnegat at the time), I visited there often, and my elder niece was born in Toms River in 1969.

We go in and out of New York City periodically, though less so since my wife's aunt, who lived in Queens and with whom we used to stay, died.  We have recently had pleasant stays at the Edison Hotel, just off of Times Square and very convenient to the theaters (I stayed there in 1959 with my grandparents, when we saw the inaugural production of The Sound of Music with Mary Martin and celebrated New Year's on Times Square -- woo-hoo!), but since we learned that it is owned by Donald Trump, we are looking elsewhere to stay.

At any rate, we welcome your information and invitation, and we will keep in touch.


08/09/19 02:47 AM #4229    

 

Philip Spiess

Larry:  Wow!  I'm impressed by your analysis.

For over thirty years I have tried to teach Observation to my graduate students in Museum Studies.  (This is essential to analyzing any object in a museum collection.)  Every semester I read to them the opening excerpt from Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle," wherein Sherlock Holmes explains to Watson how to examine an object for clues.  Holmes says to Watson:  "Here is my lens.  You know my methods.  What can you gather yourself as to the individuality of the man who has worn this article?"  And Watson's response is:  "I can see nothing." . . . "On the contrary, Watson [says Holmes], you can see everything.  You fail, however, to reason from what you see.  You are too timid in drawing your inferences."  (In other words, he "sees," but he does not "observe.")

You speak of "necessities."  You are quite right; I told my students that they had to look at a given object and to "keep looking."  What are the oddities, the discrepencies from other objects?  What stands out?  What distinguishes this object from other similar objects?  And the end question is "Why?"  Again, as you suggest (though we are talking about completely dfferent fields), if one consistently steels oneself to focus on observing and examining the object closely and carefuly, it should become, of necessity, habit, and therefore become one's professional practice.

Anticipation:  I suppose in museum work this amounts to "what to look for."  If you have read the above paragraph carefully, you will see that, as one develops the "eye" of observation and analysis (which is why I told my students to look and look again -- in other words, don't "assume," but see if your thought is confirmed by your observation), one learns to anticipate what one might expect to find as visible evidence of a cultural reality.

Finally. Larry, no, it is not laziness  -- it is relaxation.  There is a difference.  I spend my time in retirement doing what I call "semi-gourmet" cooking, and in napping, and in writing these presumed amusing and/or interesting feuilletons (you can look it up in the dictionary), hoping that someone -- anyone -- gets something of the same enjoyment out of reading them that I get out of writing them.  


08/09/19 01:15 PM #4230    

 

Arthur (Skip) Gasch

Larry, Phil,

Regarding learning to organization information and anticipation, here's a point. If you walk briskly through a room, what you notice is what is moving, because that's how the eye organizes stuff. What's just hanging out the eye/brain dismisses. A guy in neutral clothing hang out by the wall and not moving (except glacially) is missed. Benevolent penetration of highly secure facilities by such people succeed.

Yet, if properly organized by a technology that builds a model based upon anomalies, causes such a person to stand out immediately. Humans haven't learned to do that well. Anticipation causes one to scan for what they expect, and minimizes their quality at discerning actual content. What do you expect to see in the picture below.

 

Did you see in it? If nothing, you're dead.


 


08/09/19 07:22 PM #4231    

 

Jeff Daum

OK Skip, I'll bite: in the foreground, possible problems right and left of the path and an additional 3 or more as you follow the path out and to the right (2) and to the left (1) toward the back.


08/10/19 11:47 AM #4232    

 

Philip Spiess

I won't answer, because I'm dead (even after referencing Richard Connell's "The Most Dangerous Game") -- but then, my eyesight isn't what it used to be (oh, wait! it never was! -- though never quite at the James Joyce level).


08/10/19 02:22 PM #4233    

 

Jeff Daum

Paul, I think you are correct!  I read "in" as "if" and it clearly impacted my perception.blush


08/10/19 02:30 PM #4234    

 

Paul Simons

Wow Jeff that was quick! And I'm heartened by your willingness to say that someone - anyone - with a different point of view, if supported by evidence, might be right. That's a welcome attribute in a post-truth, non-evidence-based milieu, which is I believe a French word and thus suspect in some quarters.


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