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Philip Spiess
Dear Fellow Classmates:
It seems that this site, or at least this Forum, is drying up -- no posts for two weeks (I'm not even sure if anybody's reading any of these entries anymore). It may be due to the fact that the immediate and newsworthy discussions -- the political stuff -- has, perforce, had to move to an ongoing e-mail chain, which is intensely active among some of us. Or are we just running out of reminiscent material?
Nevertheless, I shall attempt to revive this Forum once more. Reminiscence is the recall of memory, and the recall of memory is history. If we do not (at the moment) have historical reminiscences of our days at WHHS to share, I shall at least (once again) share some history of our hometown, Cincinnati.
And because this site has been drying up, I shall take as my theme: Water! Cincinnati was founded where it is because of water; it was a nice landing site on the Ohio River, bounded by the Great Miami and the Little Miami Rivers. Not too long after its founding, the Miami & Erie Canal was begun, heading northward on the route now known as Central Parkway (it covered the old canal in the 1920s), and nearly paralleling that other important Cincinnati waterway, the Mill Creek Valley.
But none of these are my theme; I wish to discourse on the Tyler Davidson Fountain on Fountain Square (5th and Vine Streets). It is surely familiar to us all, and yet how many of us have actually studied it? To my mind, it is one of the most extraordinary fountains in the world! Oh, yes, there are many more famous fountains existing: the fountains of Rome, of which the Trevi is, no doubt, the most famous; the fountains of Versailles, of which the most prominent is the Latona Fountain; the incredible fountains of the Tivoli Gardens north of Rome (and their comic counterparts in the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen); the prankster fountains of Hellbrunn Castle outside of Salzburg, Austria -- I could go on and on (and you know I would) -- BUT I propose that our own beloved fountain on Fountain Square in Cincinnati is unique among the fountains of the world, a gift to the city from Henry Probasco of Clifton, a hardware merchant, in honor of his deceased brother-in-law and business partner, Tyler Davidson.
I deem it unique because the theme of the Tyler Davidson Fountain is that of -- WATER! Almost all other fountains, at least those in Western civilization, are themed with Greek and Roman gods and goddesses; even the Neptune Fountain in front of the Library of Congress in Washington features -- Neptune! (and nereids and turtles and such). (A slight exception is the Tugendbrunnen, or "Fountain of Virtues," in Nuremberg, where the "virtuous maidens" all spout water from the nipples of their ample breasts.) But the Tyler Davidson Fountain gloriously depicts water's many blessings to mankind, in all of its forms. Let us examine this (to me) incredible masterpiece.
The central and crowning figure of the fountain is the "Genius of Water," spreading her life-giving water to the land from the fine spray of her hands. From the center of the pedestal rises a shaft, spreading at the top with interlaced vines and foliage, watered by the "Genius" above. The four major groups of figures around this shaft illustrate the historic needs and benefits of water: (1) a farmer with his plow, under the burning rays of the sun, prays for rain, his dog panting with thirst; (2) an old man with crutches lifts a goblet to his lips, the water supplied by his daughter from a pitcher; (3) a mother leads her reluctant son to the bath; and (most modern) (4) a fireman with an empty bucket stands on a burning roof, imploring the heavens for water, while flames burst and curl from a gable nearby.
But wait! there's more! The massive base of the pedestal, supporting semicircular basins above (in front of the figures just described), is square, and holds bas-relief plaque representations of the commercial and industrial uses of water (these are not always seen, if the fountain's waters are flowing): (1) fisheries -- a group of fisherman draw their catch to shore in nets; (2) navigation -- a family bids farewell to friends departing on an Ohio River steamboat; (3) water power -- peasants take their corn to a water-driven mill to be ground; (4) steam power -- workmen hold bars of iron under a trip hammer operated by a steam engine, while railway cars go by in the background.
But wait! there's more! There is a niche at each corner of the pedestal, and in these niches children illustrate some of the playful and recreational pleasures that water affords: (1) a girl adorns herself with pearls and looks at herself in the water below; (2) a boy holds up a lobster which he has taken from his net; (3) a girl holds a shell to her ear and listens to the water's roar; (4) a boy, wrapped in furs, puts on his skates.
But there is still more! On the rim of the lowest basin of the main fountain there are four figures mounted on pedestals of smaller fountains; these were originally designed for public drinking. They are: (1) a boy catching ducks; (2) a boy riding a dolphin; (3) a boy wrestling with snakes; (4) a boy riding a turtle, long ago dubbed "Turtle Joe" by affectionate Cincinnatians.
The original site of Fountain Square, an esplanade running down the center of 5th Street between Vine and Walnut Streets, had been the Fifth Street Butchers' Market; the bequest of the land to the city required that it be used in perpetuity for market purposes. To maintain this tradition, and to avoid legal entanglements, there is, adjacent to the fountain, a little cast iron flower stand from which civic groups occasionally sell flowers. (To receive Mr. Probasco's gift of the fountain, the city removed the 5th Street Market, which had become something of an eyesore -- or smellsore -- during the night, using the police force to raze the wooden stalls, over the protests of the butchers, which they did before daybreak.) The Tyler Davidson Fountain was unveiled on the newly-completed esplanade on October 6, 1871; its weight is about twenty-four tons. It was restored (1970-1971), turned 180 degrees, and moved somewhat north in 1969, when the new Fountain Square was developed north of 5th Street.
I could add much more to the story of the fountain, designed and cast at a Bavarian foundry from cannon melted down after the Franco-Prussian War, and of Henry Probasco, whose castle home in Clifton, "Oakwood," still stands just off of Lafayette Avenue, who was a major trustee of Spring Grove Cemetery, and whose massive library formed one of the founding nucleuses of the famed Newberry Library in Chicago. However, I'll leave other stories till other times, including stories of Cincinnati's castellated water towers and discussions of the natural springs that still survive around Cincinnati's environs.
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