Philip Spiess
Forgive me if I impose too much on this site, but I am moved at the moment to recount the glorious and various water towers and reservoirs of Cincinnati; most of them are wonderful evocations of German castles, thus adding a Romantic fancy and picturesqueness to the city's landscape, even as they serve a practical purpose, and may be compared favorably with the water towers of Chicago, New York, St. Louis, and Milwaukee.
The first in prominence is, of course, the Eden Park Water Tower (1894), rising above the heights of Eden Park and visible to those navigating the Ohio River, as it is 172 feet in height and its base is 825 feet above sea level. It was designed by Samuel Hannaford & Sons, which, in my opinion (and I am, among other things, an architectural historian), was Cincinnati's greatest 19th-Century architectural firm. Originally used as a pressure tank for Cincinnati's High Service, serving the Walnut Hills area, it was dropped from service about 1907, when modernization of the Water Works system came into being. Formerly there was a pointed pinnacle roofing the smaller turret on the tower, and a spiral staircase and elevator led to the top. The pinnacle was removed in 1943, when its copper was donated to a World War II scrap drive, and at the same time the huge steel tank, the elevator, and other metal elements were removed. The tower was then transferred from the Cincinnati Water Works to the Cincinnati Park Board as a landmark (it has been declared a "Water Landmark" by the American Waterworks Association and has a tear-shaped bronze plague commemorating this fact). For many years hundreds of visitors to Eden Park paid an admission to ride the elevator to the top, which offered a unique view of the Ohio River valley.
The second Cincinnati water tower in prominence is undoubtedly the Elsinore Tower (1883), located on Gilbert Avenue at Elsinore Place, and one of the entrances to Eden Park and Mount Adams (the road formerly went through the tower arch, but now goes to its side). This great twin-towered limestone gateway was built by the Cincinnati Water Works to serve as a valve house at the termination of an extension of the effluent mains from the Eden Park Reservoir to Gilbert Avenue, and as an ornamental entrance to Eden Park. Control valves in the tower regulated the flow of water to the city below; their use has long since been discontinued. The castle's design resulted from the stage set of an 1883 performance of Shakespeare's Hamlet, which so impressed the superintendent of the Waterworks, A. G. Moore, that he implored Charles E. Hannaford (one of the sons of the architectural firm of Samuel Hannaford & Sons -- see above) to design the valve house from it. The Cincinnati "castle" (rather 19th-Century Irish in nature) bears no resemblance to Hamlet's castle of Kronborg, which stands outside Elsinore, Denmark (Shakespeare mistook the town's name for the castle).
The Eden Park Reservoir (1866-1878), located in the center of Eden Park, off of Martin Street, was designed to provide water and pressure for the Middle Service, later the Central Service, supplying the central and lower portions of the city from Linwood to Fernbank and from Winton Place to the river; it had a capacity of 96 million gallons of water, and had a west basin (1872) and an east basin (1878). The reservoir was designed by Arthur G. Moore, superintendent and engineer of the Cincinnati Water Works. Although much of its south wall has now been destroyed, the impressive remains of this reservoir give testament to the strength of its retaining wall, which originally consisted of eight elliptical arches, each rising 18 feet and spanning 55 feet. The length of the wall was 1,251 feet, and the width of the base was 48.5 feet; it tapered to 25 feet in width at the top, and this top carried a road and walkway lined with ornamental planters. In the late 1960s the retaining wall was torn down by the city, except for the portions which remain, as the west basin had been covered over several years before (dead dogs, suicides by drowning, and other bodies being found in it during its periodic cleanings when it was uncovered), and the east basin was drained and baseball diamonds were installed in it.
The Eastern Hills Water Tanks (1914-1915), at Bantry Street and Glen Avenue in Kennedy Heights, comprising five tanks joined by a castellated concrete structure, served the Eastern Hills with a total capacity of 4,700,000 gallons of water. [I wrote in 1978 that "It seems they have not been used for the past five years."]
The Winton Road Reservoir (1925), used for the Eastern Hills service, supplies water to ten cities and three townships (cf., Hamilton County's "patchwork quilt"). Covered in 1957, the 400-foot square concrete structure holds 34,650,000 gallons of water. An ornamental railing that formerly ran around the ledge at the top of the structure, contributing to its castle-like appearance, was removed sometime in the 1960s.
The Western Hills Water Tanks (1911-1912), located at Ferguson Road near Tower Avenue, Western Hills, is yet another set of Cincinnati water tanks that are castle-like in appearance. Built on a concrete base that elevates them 35 feet above ground level, they are 35 feet in diameter, 65 feet high, and the four tanks have a total capacity of 1,300,000 gallons of water.
The Mount Airy Water Tanks (1927) (my favorites), located on Colerain Avenue at North Bend Road, the last of the great castellated water towers of Cincinnati, are a cluster of fourteen tanks, with a total capacity of 8,500,000 gallons of water; they serve the Northern Hills. Covered over in 1963, they stand 1,030 feet above sea level. In design these tanks are very similar to the Mount Auburn Water Tanks (two in number), built in 1894 and remodeled in 1923-1924 by having an ornamental castle-like black brick (rather than red) and concrete structure built around them; they stood in the triangle north of the Mount Auburn Presbyterian Church (near Corryville) to serve the High Service; they were demolished in 1953.
And, yes, there is the Western Hills Water Tower (circa early 1950s), by no means a Germanic castle, but looking very much like a solid depiction in steel of the Atomic bomb set off at the Bikini Atoll!
And finally, the Cincinnati Water Works Intake Pier, upstream from the Cincinnati Water Works main station (located at California, Ohio), and on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, is a masonry construction on a timber caisson, surmounted by a stone tower. The pier is reached by a Pratt-truss span 320 feet long; within the pier are two wells opening to the river, the intake tunnel being 1,425 feet long. The stone tower on top of the intake pier holds the operations for the sluice valves and screens. This tower is commonly called the "Mouse Tower," after a tower so-called on the River Rhine in Germany, an island-based toll-collection castle connected with the legend of Bishop Hatto, Bishop-Elector of Mainz, who was consumed by mice after having prohibited his constituents from using the grain he had garnered into his barns (this is a brief summary of the legend). Longfellow refers to this legend in his poem "The Children's Hour" (1860).
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