Philip Spiess
SEQUEL TO THE CINCINNATI INCLINES: How the Mount Adams Incline Was Operated
Bruce: You have asked for more on the Cincinnati inclines, and I will comply; my first post on them was, to be sure, very basic.
And because the Mount Adams Incline was the most famous, as well as the longest serving Cincinnati incline, and because for most readers it might be repetitive to go over the other inclines’ particulars, I will deal with it alone. I will address its engineering and operational features, as that is what the recent posts seem to be focused on. [My source is Richard M. Wagner and Roy J. Wright’s series of booklets on Cincinnati Streetcars, in this case No. 2: The Inclines (1968).]
For seventy-two years the Mount Adams Incline hoisted people, streetcars, automobiles, and finally buses on a moving platform which remained level with the ground; its angular undercarriage had a raised stilted end which fit into a pocket at the foot of the hill, so that rails on the platform met tracks of the car line coming from downtown; eight wheels rode the rails, two pairs of axles in side frames. At the top a streetcar could roll off from the lift directly onto the tracks in the station, and continue on its way along Ida Street to cross the upper level of the double-deck ornamental entrance gateway to Eden Park (now gone, but across from the D. H. Baldwin Piano Company on Gilbert Avenue); so could an automobile or truck, later in the incline’s career. The platforms in later years were 54 feet long, 12 feet wide, and 30 feet high (having been lengthened in 1920 to carry double-truck streetcars). They weighed not less than 20 tons empty and each platform was capable of carrying a live load of 25 tons. (The incline received new lift platforms in 1936.) In their heyday of operation, the platforms made about 133 round trips per day.
The Mount Adams Incline was built in 1874-1876 with cabs; it was rebuilt in 1879 with platforms, and the engine house at the top was rebuilt in 1891. The incline was 976 feet long, with a vertical height of 261 feet, on a 29.47 per cent grade. It operated 19 hours a day, 6 trips per hour, 2 minutes and 20 seconds a trip. The costs to ride (these are typical over time) were as follows: pedestrians, 5 cents; 7-ton truck, 95 cents; automobile with driver, 25 cents (but additional passengers were 5 cents each) – and I’m assuming that if you were on a streetcar, your already-paid-for streetcar ride included going up the incline to wherever your hilltop destination might be.
The driving mechanism for the incline consisted of two Corliss 20” by 36” steam engines at 125 lbs. pressure (plus the counterbalancing of the two moving platforms, i.e., Paul Simons’ “funicular railway,” although the platforms could operate unbalanced -- one platform could be loaded and the other empty); the cable operated at 700 feet per minute. This operation used a coal consumption of 815 tons of coal per year. The signals for incline operation were thus: the top platform ready first, the top rings two bells and the bottom four, then the incline moves; the bottom platform ready first, the bottom rings two bells and the top four, the bottom then answers with four bells, and the incline moves. If one bell rings, the incline stops. (When the button for the bell system is pushed, it rings once, either in the engine room at the top or in the cab at the bottom.)
The Mount Adams Incline closed in 1948 and began to be dismantled on March 1, 1952. The engine house at the top of the incline was demolished in 1954. The passenger station at the bottom of the incline on Lock Street (which gradually deteriorated into ruins) was demolished about 1976 (if I recall), although the incline’s right-of-way up the hill was still visible circa 2004.
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